Monthly Archives: October 2010

Announcing the World’s Worst VP8 Encoder

I wanted to see if I could write an extremely basic VP8 encoder. It turned out to be one of the hardest endeavors I have ever attempted (and arguably one of the least successful).

Results
I started with the Big Buck Bunny title image:



And this is the best encoding that this experiment could yield:



Squint hard enough and you can totally make out the logo. Pretty silly effort, I know. It should also be noted that the resultant .webm file holding that single 400×225 image was 191324 bytes. When FFmpeg decoded it to a PNG, it was only 187200 bytes.

The Story
Remember my post about a naive SVQ1 encoder? Long story short, I set out to do the same thing with VP8. (I wanted to do the same thing with VP3/Theora for years. But take a good look at what it would entail to create even the most basic bitstream. As involved as VP8 may be, its bitstream is absolutely trivial compared to VP3/Theora.)
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On WebP and Academic Exercises

Yesterday, Google released a new still image format called WebP. To those skilled in the art, this new format will be recognizable as a single VP8 golden frame with a 20-byte header slapped on the front (and maybe a little metadata thrown in for good measure). We have a MultimediaWiki page and a sample ready to go.

Further, I submitted a patch to ffmpeg-devel for FFmpeg’s img2 handling system to decode these files. FFmpeg should support processing these files soon… if anyone cares. This leads into…

The Point, or Lack Thereof
Since yesterday’s release, I have read a whirlwind of commentary about this format, much of it critical and of the “what’s the point?” variety. For my part, I can respect academic exercises, a.k.a., just trying random stuff to see if you can make it work. That’s pretty much this blog’s entire raison d’être. But WebP transcends mere academic exercise; Google seems to be trying to push it as a new web standard. I don’t see how the format can go anywhere based on criticisms raised elsewhere — e.g., see Dark Shikari’s thoughtful write-up — which basically boil down to WebP not solving any real problems, technical, legal, or otherwise.

How did WebP come to be? I strongly suspect some engineers noticed that JPEG is roughly the same as an MPEG-1 intraframe, so why not create a new still frame format based on VP8 intraframes? Again, I can respect that thinking– I have pondered how a still image format would perform if based on VP3/Theora or Sorenson Video 1.

Technically
Google claims a significant size savings for WebP vs. standard JPEG. Assuming that’s true (and there will be no shortage of blog posts to the contrary), it will still be some time before WebP support will find its way into the majority of the web browser population.

But this got me thinking about possible interim solutions. A website could store images compressed in both formats if it so chose. Then it could serve up a WebM image if the browser could support it, as indicated by the ‘Accept’ header in the HTTP request. It seems that a website might have to reference a generic image name such as <img src="some-picture.image">; the web server would have to recognize the .image extension and map it to either a .jpg or a .webp image depending on what the browser claims it is capable of displaying.

Leftovers
I appreciate that Dark Shikari has once again stuck his neck out and made a valiant — though often futile — effort to educate the internet’s masses. I long ago resigned myself to the fact that many people aren’t going to understand many of the most basic issues surrounding multimedia technology (i.e., moving pictures synchronized with audio). But apparently, this extends to still image formats as well. It was simultaneously humorous and disheartening to see commenters who don’t even understand the application of, e.g., PNG vs. JPEG: Ahem, “We already have a great replacement for jpg: .PNG”. Coupled with the typical accusations of MPEG tribalism, I remain impressed D. Shikari finds the will to bother.

Still, I appreciate that the discussion has introduced me to some new image formats of which I was previously unaware, such as PGF and JPEG XR.